Mohammad Halili

Siap ngampus Tapi mendung menumbuhkan keraguan Adakah rintik-rintik hujan akan segera turun? Jika niat ini cair dengan gerimis itu,  Besok awan itu mungkin kembali datang Kapan kiranya gumpalan mendung itu menguatkan ayunan langkah kaki  untuk tiba di sebuah pojok perpustakaan lantai 1 Yang di situ aku duduk dan menikmati warna langit yang berubah-ubah Di pojok itu Halaman-halaman buku yang tergeletak di meja tak lagi terpasang kalimat-kalimat Deretannya sudah tak terbaca  Bukan lagi susunan kata-kata Di halaman itu hanya terlihat dua sosok kecil dan bidaddariku Sosok-sosok kecil itu menggambar tank, bis, laut, dan gunung di atas lantai Dan berbicara bersama arah pensil warna yang terus bergerak  Ditemani senyum bidaddariku yang seolah-olah mengatakan "Betapa hebatnya kau, nak!" Aku kembali menatap ke luar jendela Mendung masih menggantung Bumi menanti matahari  Aku turun, pasang sepatu, buka pintu, dan melangkah Menjalani hari ini

The language we use in our daily basis is rooted from the accumulated knowledge from many resources: parents or caregivers, neighborhood, and schools. The notion of linguistic repertoire can be understood as a way we communicate or what language we use for purposes. It should be noted that this linguistic competence and performance grow is not in a rigid way. One knowledge of language could connect to both within and across languages. Therefore, it is essential to comprehend how linguistic repertoire develops and how we should deal with the bilingualism or multilingualism issues.  The parents' language influences the language input of the children. Parents who are using French or Italian, Indonesian, any languages, will allow children to imitate the language. Especially in early age exposure, the children not only acquire the internal aspects of the language, such as phonological, morphological, syntactical, but also beyond the grammatical rules of the language, such as the appropr...

Cultural practices acknowledge taboo words. Taboo words are words or phrases that are constrained because of social norms. In English, taboo words are classified into three categories: First is dirty words. They are concerned about sex and excretion such as bugger and shit. S econd is words related to the Christian religion such as Christ and Jesus. Third is words that are used in animal abuse. In other words, we call a person by the name of an animal, such as bitch.  Bilinguals may have different degree of emotionality for L1 and L2. In some cases, bilinguals tend to have a stronger emotion when speaking or listening taboo words in their first language compared to their second language. Some show greater ease in expressing taboo words in their second language. This is applicable if their second language is acquired early. In this context, AoA (age of acquisition) plays a significant role to what extent the second language speaker uses their first or second language in expressing t...

Parentese refers to language that the children receive when they were very young. Their parents or caregivers' languages become a crucial foundation for children later language development. The language of the parents, which include the sound, spelling, meaning of words, as well as the grammatical rules of the language, shape the children's ability in recognizing and even distinguishing languages, whether it is their mother tongue or something else for instance.  How does that take place? The extensive contact between parents, especially a mother, has been a numerous language inputs for the children. It can be proven by the fact that the language acquisition starts from the pregnancy. When a mother talks to a child in the womb, it indicates that the children start absorbing the sound pattern of their mother. We can see the children's responses towards their mother's talks or physical contact stimulus. The recognition process is continuously taking place when they were b...

It is generally accepted that language competence and language performance are two different and separated features in language learning (English). We need to suggest that separating both features are inappropriate. This discusses the importance of establishing the merging of both features to be a 'successful' language learner and how cognitive growth is influenced by the sociocultural settings where the language learners are exposed.  Language competence refers to learners' knowledge of the learning language, including the morphosyntactic rules and structures. Language inputs such as listening and reading are sources to the building-blocks of the language knowledge. On the one hand, language performance is the application of the language knowledge in practical terms, such as in communicative settings. Understanding those terms are fundamental in this stage as this clues how we refer to the object of the conversation.  In second language learning context such as English, mo...

Some parents or caregivers believe that exposing children to physical exercises waste time, energy, and money. They thought that it is better for children to stay at home and complete their homework, instead of playing indoor or outdoor sports. However, competitive sports are advantageous to children physically, emotionally, and socially. First, children can gain physical benefits from competitive sport participation. They can build strong muscles and bones as they are active physically. For instance, playing badminton, which is very popular in Asian countries such as Indonesia, China, and Japan, requires players to move around to score. Defense, jumping smash, and netting, indeed, push the players to step back and forward, left and right side at any orders. In other words, it is downward impossible for children to stay inactive while in the court. Therefore, active movement strengthens the whole parts of their bodies, including their ankles and sleeves. Furthermore, emotional matu...