Mohammad Halili

The language we use in our daily basis is rooted from the accumulated knowledge from many resources: parents or caregivers, neighborhood, and schools. The notion of linguistic repertoire can be understood as a way we communicate or what language we use for purposes. It should be noted that this linguistic competence and performance grow is not in a rigid way. One knowledge of language could connect to both within and across languages. Therefore, it is essential to comprehend how linguistic repertoire develops and how we should deal with the bilingualism or multilingualism issues.  The parents' language influences the language input of the children. Parents who are using French or Italian, Indonesian, any languages, will allow children to imitate the language. Especially in early age exposure, the children not only acquire the internal aspects of the language, such as phonological, morphological, syntactical, but also beyond the grammatical rules of the language, such as the appropr...

Cultural practices acknowledge taboo words. Taboo words are words or phrases that are constrained because of social norms. In English, taboo words are classified into three categories: First is dirty words. They are concerned about sex and excretion such as bugger and shit. S econd is words related to the Christian religion such as Christ and Jesus. Third is words that are used in animal abuse. In other words, we call a person by the name of an animal, such as bitch.  Bilinguals may have different degree of emotionality for L1 and L2. In some cases, bilinguals tend to have a stronger emotion when speaking or listening taboo words in their first language compared to their second language. Some show greater ease in expressing taboo words in their second language. This is applicable if their second language is acquired early. In this context, AoA (age of acquisition) plays a significant role to what extent the second language speaker uses their first or second language in expressing t...

Parentese refers to language that the children receive when they were very young. Their parents or caregivers' languages become a crucial foundation for children later language development. The language of the parents, which include the sound, spelling, meaning of words, as well as the grammatical rules of the language, shape the children's ability in recognizing and even distinguishing languages, whether it is their mother tongue or something else for instance.  How does that take place? The extensive contact between parents, especially a mother, has been a numerous language inputs for the children. It can be proven by the fact that the language acquisition starts from the pregnancy. When a mother talks to a child in the womb, it indicates that the children start absorbing the sound pattern of their mother. We can see the children's responses towards their mother's talks or physical contact stimulus. The recognition process is continuously taking place when they were b...

It is generally accepted that language competence and language performance are two different and separated features in language learning (English). We need to suggest that separating both features are inappropriate. This discusses the importance of establishing the merging of both features to be a 'successful' language learner and how cognitive growth is influenced by the sociocultural settings where the language learners are exposed.  Language competence refers to learners' knowledge of the learning language, including the morphosyntactic rules and structures. Language inputs such as listening and reading are sources to the building-blocks of the language knowledge. On the one hand, language performance is the application of the language knowledge in practical terms, such as in communicative settings. Understanding those terms are fundamental in this stage as this clues how we refer to the object of the conversation.  In second language learning context such as English, mo...

Some parents or caregivers believe that exposing children to physical exercises waste time, energy, and money. They thought that it is better for children to stay at home and complete their homework, instead of playing indoor or outdoor sports. However, competitive sports are advantageous to children physically, emotionally, and socially. First, children can gain physical benefits from competitive sport participation. They can build strong muscles and bones as they are active physically. For instance, playing badminton, which is very popular in Asian countries such as Indonesia, China, and Japan, requires players to move around to score. Defense, jumping smash, and netting, indeed, push the players to step back and forward, left and right side at any orders. In other words, it is downward impossible for children to stay inactive while in the court. Therefore, active movement strengthens the whole parts of their bodies, including their ankles and sleeves. Furthermore, emotional matu...

This is such a debatable issue the school should introduce English first to students than native languages. Some claim that learning English gains more benefit than learning the native language. In contrast, some believe that mother tongue should be prioritized. This essay is mainly concerned about the importance of both languages. In education context, numerous online learning resources are available in English. This is because one of the purposes of the material production aims to gain worldwide viewers. Students who are interested in studying marine lives for example, they can learn them effectively and interestingly by taking advantage of National Geographics for Kids website. While the language used is English, students with English proficiency are more advantageous than monolingual speakers.  However, maintaining local languages is also essential. This is because the use of local language can increase a sense of belonging to where we are rooted. When we use the same language,...