Mohammad Halili

Parentese refers to language that the children receive when they were very young. Their parents or caregivers' languages become a crucial foundation for children later language development. The language of the parents, which include the sound, spelling, meaning of words, as well as the grammatical rules of the language, shape the children's ability in recognizing and even distinguishing languages, whether it is their mother tongue or something else for instance.  How does that take place? The extensive contact between parents, especially a mother, has been a numerous language inputs for the children. It can be proven by the fact that the language acquisition starts from the pregnancy. When a mother talks to a child in the womb, it indicates that the children start absorbing the sound pattern of their mother. We can see the children's responses towards their mother's talks or physical contact stimulus. The recognition process is continuously taking place when they were b...

It is generally accepted that language competence and language performance are two different and separated features in language learning (English). We need to suggest that separating both features are inappropriate. This discusses the importance of establishing the merging of both features to be a 'successful' language learner and how cognitive growth is influenced by the sociocultural settings where the language learners are exposed.  Language competence refers to learners' knowledge of the learning language, including the morphosyntactic rules and structures. Language inputs such as listening and reading are sources to the building-blocks of the language knowledge. On the one hand, language performance is the application of the language knowledge in practical terms, such as in communicative settings. Understanding those terms are fundamental in this stage as this clues how we refer to the object of the conversation.  In second language learning context such as English, mo...